Informations actualisées sur l’insomnie pour les soins primaires
Résumé
L’insomnie est un problème clinique courant dont les définitions varient selon les sources. Le DSM-V définit le trouble de l’insomnie comme l’une ou plusieurs des manifestations suivantes : difficulté à trouver le sommeil, à rester endormi, ou réveil tôt le matin avec une incapacité à se rendormir.
Ces problèmes surviennent malgré une durée de sommeil suffisante (7 heures), entraînent un dysfonctionnement et ne sont pas attribués à un autre trouble. Le DSM-V classe ensuite l’insomnie en trois catégories : épisodique (au moins un mois, mais moins de trois mois), persistante (trois mois ou plus) et récurrente (deux épisodes ou plus en l’espace d’un an), et tient compte des comorbidités potentielles.
Selon le système de classification international des troubles du sommeil (ICSD-3), les symptômes doivent se manifester au moins trois fois par semaine, et l’insomnie est classée en deux catégories : à court terme et chronique. Dans ce paradigme (ICSD-3), on parle d’insomnie à court terme lorsque les problèmes de sommeil durent depuis plus d’un mois et moins de trois mois, et d’insomnie chronique lorsque les symptômes persistent pendant plus de trois mois.
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