La boussole de la santé mondiale: renseigner vos patients sur les risques associés aux voyages et les préoccupations liées aux pandémies
Résumé
Le nombre de voyages à l’étranger effectués par des résidents du Canada a augmenté en 2024 pour atteindre un niveau supérieur de 10,0 % à celui de 2023. Les voyages des résidents canadiens effectués outre-mer ont augmenté de 30,9 % par rapport à 2023 et dépassent à présent les chiffres observés avant la pandémie.
Bien que les voyageurs internationaux représentent un groupe important pour l’économie mondiale, ils sont exposés à un risque accru de maladies infectieuses lorsqu’ils sont en dehors de leur pays d’origine et sont susceptibles de propager ces maladies d’un pays à l’autre. Les virus SRAS-CoV-2, Ebola, Zika et les pathogènes résistants aux agents antimicrobiens sont des exemples de menaces sanitaires dont la propagation a été facilitée par les voyageurs internationaux. Le changement climatique a également une incidence sur le risque de maladies infectieuses. La hausse des températures élargit les régions où les maladies vectorielles (p. ex., dengue, paludisme, chikungunya, Zika) peuvent se développer, tout en augmentant le risque de zoonoses (p. ex., grippe aviaire) et de maladies à transmission hydrique (Vibrio, E. coli, etc.).
Étant donné le nombre croissant de Canadiens qui voyagent, les cliniciens jouent un rôle déterminant dans l’élaboration des recommandations de voyage. Cet article se concentre sur des recommandations simples à formuler pour réduire les risques inhérents aux voyages et souligner les préoccupations potentielles liées à de futures pandémies.
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