Hormonothérapie de la ménopause : Mise à jour 2023
Résumé
La publication de l’étude WHI (Women's Health Initiative) en 2002 a entraîné une chute abrupte du recours à l’hormonothérapie de la ménopause (HTM). Avant la publication, environ 43 % des femmes âgées de 45 à 74 ans prenaient l'HTM; après la publication, ce pourcentage a chuté à 11 %. Le principal moteur de cette chute était la crainte du cancer du sein. Depuis l’étude WHI, la formation médicale sur la ménopause est inadaptée; il est estimé que 41 % des facultés de médecine ne proposent pas de formation sur la ménopause dans leur programme de premier cycle. La même étude a fait ressortir des lacunes importantes dans les connaissances sur la gestion de la ménopause chez les médecins praticiens.
Les femmes ménopausées posent des questions et attendent des réponses. Des groupes de défense tels que la Fondation canadienne de la ménopause encouragent les femmes à reconnaître l’incidence des symptômes de la ménopause sur leur lieu de travail, leurs relations personnelles et leur santé. Étant donné que l’HTM est considérée comme un traitement de première intention (en l’absence de contre-indications), il incombe aux professionnels de la santé d’avoir une connaissance pratique de l’HTM.
Références
Langer RD, Hodis HN, Lobo RA, Allison MA. Hormone replacement therapy–where are we now? Climacteric. 2021 Jan 2;24(1):3-10.
Armeni E, Mili N, Siliogka E, Goulis DG, Lambrinoudaki I. Menopause medical education around the world: the way forward to serve women’s health. Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research. 2022 Aug 5:100387.
Yuksel N, Evaniuk D, Huang L, Malhotra U, Blake J, Wolfman W, Fortier M. Guideline no. 422a: menopause: vasomotor symptoms, prescription therapeutic agents, complementary and alternative medicine, nutrition, and lifestyle. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada. 2021 Oct 1;43(10):1188-204.
Faubion SS, Crandall CJ, Davis L, El Khoudary SR, Hodis HN, Lobo RA, Maki PM, Manson JE, Pinkerton JV, Santoro NF, Shifren JL. The 2022 hormone therapy position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause. 2022 Jul 1;29(7):767-94.
Baber RJ, Panay N, Fenton AT. 2016 IMS Recommendations on women’s midlife health and menopause hormone therapy. Climacteric. 2016 Mar 3;19(2):109-50.
Black D. The safety of oral versus transdermal estrogen. Menopause. 2020 Nov 1;27(11):1328-9.
Kapoor E, Kling JM, Lobo AS, Faubion SS. Menopausal hormone therapy in women with medical conditions. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2021 Dec 1;35(6):101578.
Berg WA, Seitzman RL, Pushkin JA. Implementing the National Dense Breast Reporting Standard, Expanding supplemental screening using current guidelines, and the proposed Find It Early Act. J Breast Imaging. 2023 Apr 15:wbad034. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jbi/wbad034
Greendale GA, Reboussin BA, Slone S, Wasilauskas C, Pike MC, Ursin G. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and change in mammographic density. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2003 Jan 1;95(1):30-7.
Jacobson M, Mills K, Graves G, Wolfman W, Fortier M. Guideline No. 422f: Menopause and breast cancer. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada. 2021 Dec 1;43(12):1450-6.
Depypere H, Inki P. The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system for endometrial protection during estrogen replacement therapy: a clinical review. Climacteric. 2015 Jul 4;18(4):470-82.
Kenemans P, Speroff L, International Tibolone Consensus Group. Tibolone: clinical recommendations and practical guidelines: a report of the International Tibolone Consensus Group. Maturitas. 2005 May 16;51(1):21-8.
Lundström E, Christow A, Kersemaekers W, Svane G, Azavedo E, Söderqvist G, Mol-Arts M, Barkfeldt J, von Schoultz B. Effects of tibolone and continuous combined hormone replacement therapy on mammographic breast density. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 Apr 1;186(4):717-22.
Hammar ML, Van De Weijer P, Franke HR, Pornel B, Von Mauw EM, Nijland EA, TOTAL Study Investigators Group. Tibolone and low‐dose continuous combined hormone treatment: vaginal bleeding pattern, efficacy and tolerability. BJOG. 2007 Dec;114(12):1522-9.
Archer DF, Lewis V, Carr BR, Olivier S, Pickar JH. Bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens (BZA/CE): incidence of uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women. Fertility and Sterility. 2009 Sep 1;92(3):1039-44.
Harvey JA, Pinkerton JV, Baracat EC, Shi H, Chines AA, Mirkin S. Breast density changes in a randomized controlled trial evaluating bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens. Menopause. 2013 Feb 1;20(2):138‑45.
Black, D. Diagnosis and medical management of premenopausal and postmenopausal bleeding. Climacteric 2023;26(3):222-228.
Kim SE, Lee DY, Choi D. Tissue-selective estrogen complex for women who experience breast discomfort or vaginal bleeding when on hormone therapy. Menopause. 2019 Apr 1;26(4):383-6.
Boardman HM, Hartley I, Eisinga A, et al. Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Mar 10;2015(3):CD002229.
Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Type and timing of menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis of the worldwide epidemiological evidence. Lancet. 2019 Sep 28;394(10204):1159-68.
Publié
Comment citer
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
© Canadian Primary Care Today 2023
Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International.
